Nail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a stubborn infection that develops when microscopic fungal organisms invade the nail. At Adelaide Fungal Nail Laser Clinic, we see patients every week dealing with this condition, and the main cause of nail fungus is often linked to everyday habits, environments, and health factors that many people don’t realise are putting their nails at risk.
The Primary Culprit: Dermatophyte Fungi
The most common cause of nail fungus is dermatophytes—a group of fungi that feed on keratin, the protein that makes up your nails, skin, and hair.
These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments such as:
- Public swimming pools and spas
- Communal showers and locker rooms
- Damp shoes or socks worn for extended periods
Dermatophytes can also spread from athlete’s foot to the toenails, turning a minor skin infection into a more difficult-to-treat nail problem.
Other Fungal Invaders
While dermatophytes are responsible for most cases, other organisms can cause or worsen nail fungus:
- Yeasts (e.g., Candida) – often seen in fingernail infections, particularly in people whose hands are frequently wet.
- Non-dermatophyte moulds – more likely to affect nails already damaged by injury, pressure, or other conditions.
Risk Factors That Increase Your Chances
Anyone can develop nail fungus, but certain factors make infection more likely:
- Ageing: Nails grow slower and thicker over time, and blood circulation to the feet decreases.
- Medical conditions: Diabetes, poor circulation, and immune system issues increase susceptibility.
- Nail trauma: Even small cracks or injuries allow fungi to enter.
- Footwear: Tight, non-breathable shoes create a warm, humid environment.
- Lifestyle factors: Walking barefoot in communal areas, sharing nail tools, or prolonged exposure to water all raise risk.
Why Nail Fungus Is So Persistent
Fungi are resilient. Once they lodge under the nail, they’re protected from topical treatments and thrive in the keratin-rich environment. Nails also grow slowly, meaning visible improvement takes months.
Without treatment, the infection can spread, cause pain, or lead to permanent nail damage—especially in people with underlying health conditions.
Prevention: Your Best Defence
Since fungi love moisture and warmth, prevention focuses on keeping feet clean, dry, and protected:
- Dry feet thoroughly after bathing, especially between the toes.
- Choose breathable socks and rotate shoes to let them air out.
- Wear protective footwear in communal wet areas.
- Treat athlete’s foot promptly to stop it spreading to nails.
- Disinfect or replace old footwear to avoid re-infection.
When to Seek Help
If you notice persistent nail changes—such as thickening, yellow or white discolouration, crumbling edges, or nail separation—it’s best to seek help before it becomes severe.
At Adelaide Fungal Nail Laser Clinic, we can confirm the exact cause using in-house diagnostic testing and offer modern treatment options, including targeted laser therapy.
